An overview of brine management: Emerging desalination technologies, life cycle assessment, and metal recovery methodologies

This study examines which management methods are the most recent and advanced in managing rejected brine generated from desalination plants. It also provides up-to-date information regarding adequate technologies that generate a minimum quantity of via use minimization techniques analyzes method direct disposal has lately received noticeable improvements. further discusses reuse discarded to recover valuable goods sequestration carbon dioxide. Sustainability is an important parameter needs consideration achieve uninterrupted operation least environmental, social, economic aftermath. To properly deal with any environmental issues related disposal, different implemented so that, end, higher water recovery achievable processes, namely rejection (pressure retarded osmosis, microbial cell technology), membrane-based (vibratory shear enhanced processing, forward electrodialysis, electrodialysis reverse, metathesis, pervaporation method, thermal-based (wind-aided intensified evaporation, concentrators, ohmic evaporator, membrane distillation, multi-stage flash distillation. review critically examined two conventional approaches commonly used life cycle assessment (LCA), when evaluating ecotoxic effect brine. intends discuss currently available propose improved for toxicity potential on aquatic ecosystem originated seawater The Group-by-Group takes into demerits traditional LCA or chemical-specific approach as it more holistic coverage complicated be disposed of. Recently, attention been focused recovering metals discharged concentrated waste. Certainly, attaining marketable products would offer benefit reducing whole costs. Ion imprinting polymers have applications metal Finding selective, efficient, less expensive imprinted extraction/pre-concentration ions vital challenging task. Lastly, should seen resource not waste attain sustainability its approaches. Hybrid processes highly recommended get absolute transformation constituents.